Formulation and Evaluation of Jamun Seed Tablet as Natural Anti- Diabetic Agents

Jamun (Syzygium cumini) seeds have been widely recognized in traditional medicine for their potential to support diabetes management. They contain phytochemicals such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol, which contribute to blood glucose regulation, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity. Formulation of Jamun seed extracts into standardized tablets provides a convenient dosage form that improves stability, accuracy, and patient compliance. Experimental studies indicate that these tablets can lower fasting blood glucose, enhance insulin sensitivity, and protect against oxidative stress. Clinical findings further suggest their ability to improve long-term glycemic control. This review discusses the phytochemistry, mechanisms of action, formulation techniques, evaluation methods, and clinical perspectives of Jamun seed tablets, highlighting their potential role as natural diabetic agents. The jamun fruit, which is produced commercially in tropical and subtropical regions of the world for its excellent flesh that is sweet, sour, and astringent, is a member of the Myrtaceae family. Jamun fruit seeds are discarded as waste when fruit pulp is industrially processed into drinks, jellies, jam, vinegar, wine, and squash. Among the bioactive substances present in these seeds are hydrolysable tannins, phenolic acids, flavonoids, other phenolics, terpenoids, phloroglucinol derivatives, and saponins. These substances have been connected to a variety of biological activities, such as antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, and antihyper cholesterol emic effects, as well as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review integrates phytochemical data, mechanistic insights, formulation strategies, and therapeutic evidence to provide a comprehensive understanding of the potential of Jamun seed–based interventions as natural, accessible, and cost-effective options for diabetes management. Future studies focusing on standardized extracts, dose optimization, and large-scale clinical trials are essential to fully establish their clinical relevance and safety.