Linguocultural aspects of translation in the aerospace sector (based on the material of the Russian and English languages)

The subject of the research is the translation of aerospace texts, which is a process of interlingual and intercultural exchange of specialized knowledge in Russian- and English-speaking professional environments. The object of the research is aerospace-themed texts in Russian and English that reflect institutional norms of information presentation, characteristics of the terminological system, and culturally conditioned ways of verbalizing scientific and technical meanings. Aspects such as terminological equivalence and stability of translation equivalents, the role of collocations and genre conventions (news, press release, popular science article), the normative nature of abbreviations, as well as the problem of numerical information in translation are considered. Special attention is given to the linguocultural markedness of metaphors and precedent elements, which perform explanatory and impactful functions in aerospace discourse but are variably acceptable and interpretable in Russian and English scientific and technical traditions. The research methods include a pre-translation analysis of the corpus of Russian-language publications from TASS and English-language materials from NASA, comparative qualitative analysis of vocabulary and discursive conventions, as well as frame modeling of terminology following M. E. Bukejeva's model (the systemic frame Aerospace Engineering and subframes Rocket Engineering/Rocket Launching/Space Exploration). The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive description of the translation difficulties in the aerospace field: through the connection of terminology, genre-discursive norms, and linguocultural factors, rather than solely through the selection of equivalents. It is shown that semantic shifts often occur in stable concepts and collocations, where professional norms are more critical than literal translation (zero gravity – "невесомость", deep space – "дальний космос", extravehicular activity (EVA) – "внекорабельная деятельность (ВКД)"). It has been established that significant risks arise from differences in systems of units of measurement and numerical notation: decimal comma/dot, thousands separators, formatting scales, and converting quantities to SI. The conclusion is made about the productivity of the frame model as a tool for pre-translation preparation and standardization: it helps to localize "risk zones" and justify the choice of equivalents considering genre and audience.