Solidification and cooling of the gravitationally cast steels metals or ceramic materials or continuously cast metals rank among the major technological processes. Optimization of these processes is unthinkable without numerical simulation of the non-stationary temperature field during solidification including phase change and cooling. The success of the models is conditioned by knowledge of the thermophysical parameters of all materials entering the casting-mold-surroundings system, as well as knowledge of all initial and boundary conditions of the simulated process at all system boundaries. However, it is also necessary to refine and correct the results of the numerical model by experimental measurements. The importance and benefit of experiments is shown as an example in the numerical optimization of gravity casting of massive castings from steel and ductile cast-iron or material EUCOR as well as in the numerical optimization of continuous casting of a steel slab.
Kavicka et al. (2025) studied this question.