The art of terracotta murals has seen a significant evolution through the innovative work of Sanjib Bhattacharya, a teacher and artist from Navagram in Gangajalghati, Bankura, West Bengal, India. While traditional Bankura terracotta often relies on standardized blocks or tiles, Bhattacharya pioneered a unique "mosaic-style" mural form using numerous small, intricately hand-cut clay pieces. His journey began in his youth, observing local potters and experimenting with clay figures in his home kitchen. Over time, his craft expanded from small dolls and straw greeting cards to large-scale professional installations, including a notable commission of 500 terracotta pieces for the Bankura Comprehensive Development Foundation and works presented to prominent political figures. Bhattacharya's meticulous production process involves a lengthy purification of yellow clay through multiple water tanks to ensure it is free of sand and stone. Once purified, the clay is rolled into thin sheets, hand-cut into hundreds of specific parts according to a sketch, and fired at varying distances from the furnace flame to achieve natural color gradients ranging from yellow to deep black. These fired pieces are then carefully pasted onto waterproof plywood covered with black cotton fabric using synthetic adhesives. His repertoire includes portraits of great personalities, folk motifs like Bauls and tribal dances, and modern adaptations of Warli art. Today, he leads a team of eight artisans, continuing to bridge the gap between rural folk tradition and contemporary decorative art.
Soumen Rakshit (2025) studied this question.