Facial Image Analysis for Autism Spectrum Disorder Detection Using Vision Transformer and State of the Art Deep Learning Frameworks

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that can make it difficult for individuals to communicate and connect with others. It touches families and communities everywhere, regardless of geography or background. Those who living with ASD, even everyday tasks can become significant hurdles. Diagnosing autism typically requires a series of medical evaluations, which are not only time-consuming but can also be costly. Unfortunately, many people with ASD go undiagnosed or unsupported. This often happens because there’s still not enough awareness or understanding about autism, and resources like diagnostic services and specialized therapies such as speech or behavioral support .This work conducts an extensive evaluation of automated early Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) detection utilizing children facial images. A range of advanced deep learning models including Vision Transformer (ViT), AlexNet, MobileNet V2, MobileNet V3, DenseNet-121, DenseNet-169, and ResNet x-400MF—were implemented and systematically compared. The models were trained on preprocessed datasets, integrating both convolutional and transformer-based models to extract features relevant to ASD specific facial markers. Results from this work indicate that these architectures achieve strong classification performance for identifying ASD in facial images for early, scalable, and non-invasive ASD detection and further used to identify levels of ASD , timely diagnosis and intervention.