Recent studies indicate that manufacturers are keen on adopting the Everything-as-a-service (XaaS) model to achieve competitive advantage and generate recurrent revenues. Although the growing interest, the existing literature on this topic seems fragmented and lacks a clear identification of the factors that define the XaaS business model. Moreover, the implementation of this model in manufacturing remains limited due to companies′ difficulty in comprehending the key aspects of this transformation. To address these gaps, the paper presents a two-level hierarchical framework that describes the XaaS model in manufacturing companies, identifying its key components through a literature analysis. A case study is then presented to demonstrate the framework′s applicability and evaluate its comprehensiveness from a managerial perspective. This paper enhances XaaS model understanding in manufacturing by defining its key aspects and offering guidance for manufacturers who want to adopt the model in a structured manner, ensuring that no relevant aspect is overlooked.
Scalvini et al. (2026) studied this question.