Evidence-based fluid resuscitation of the septic HFpEF patient: A narrative review of the literature

Abstract Purpose This narrative review aims to highlight the available evidence on fluid resuscitation in septic patients with heart failure, with a particular focus on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Methods A PubMed search was conducted using the keywords “sepsis” (or sepsis, or septic shock), “heart failure” (or HF, or HFrEF, or HFpEF or congestive heart failure), and “fluid” (or resuscitation, or fluid resuscitation, or fluid management). The results were summarized in narrative review format. Results/Conclusions The presence of HFpEF in septic patients appears to be associated with an increased risk of adverse outcomes. This population may benefit from a more individualized approach to fluid resuscitation. Emerging tools for assessing fluid responsiveness and characterizing septic cardiovascular physiology show promise, but further investigation is needed.