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February 19, 20260 citationsOpen Access

A Spectral Energy Unit for Non-Linear Logic and Regression

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SMShahid Malik

Key Points

  • The aim is to address the limitations of traditional neural networks in solving non-linear problems.
  • Introduction of the Quantum-Inspired Neuron (QIN) based on Euler’s formula.
  • Utilization of Vectorized Spectral Calculus for processing inputs as phase angles.
  • Conducting tests to evaluate the performance of QIN on the XOR problem and regression tasks.
  • QIN achieved over 99% accuracy on the XOR problem.
  • Demonstrated mean squared error (MSE) less than 0.07 in non-linear regression.
  • Showed a memory capacity of 15 distinct patterns in 2D space, surpassing standard perceptron limits by 5 times.

Abstract

The fundamental unit of modern deep learning, the Perceptron, is constrained bylinear separability, rendering it unable to solve non-linear problems like XOR withouta hidden layer. Furthermore, its memory capacity is strictly limited by the VCdimension of a linear classifier. We introduce the Quantum-Inspired Neuron (QIN),a novel computational unit based on Euler’s formula that processes inputs as phaseangles in a spectral sum. By utilizing a "Vectorized Spectral Calculus"—separatingreal and imaginary pathways for efficient gradient descent—we demonstrate that a single QIN can solve the XOR problem with >99% accuracy, perform non-linearanalog regression (MSE < 0.07), and achieve a memory capacity of 15 distinctpatterns in a 2D space (5x the theoretical limit of a standard perceptron). Thissuggests that spectral activation functions can significantly increase thecomputational density of neural networks by moving complexity from the networkarchitecture to the neuron itself.for Collabs contact: shubi.shubham.malik@gmail.com

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Cite This Study

Shahid Malik (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6996a7e3ecb39a600b3ee04chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18663382
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