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February 19, 2026Universe0 citationsOpen Access

Archival Gravitational-Wave Optical Transient Observer Photometry and Zwicky Transient Facility Localization of Galactic Novae: Quiescent Constraints and Improved Coordinates

SKS KhamratFSF. SurinaKNK. Noysena

Key Points

  • To investigate the pre-eruption brightness of Galactic novae and refine their coordinates using archival data from GOTO.
  • Analyzed archival photometry data from GOTO for four Galactic novae.
  • Excluded data points with observational uncertainties exceeding 0.5 magnitude.
  • Used light curves to assess nova progenitors' brightness.
  • Compared refined coordinates from GOTO with published coordinates affected by crowding.
  • Detected nova progenitors at faint brightness levels close to the survey's limiting magnitude.
  • Improved coordinates for five Galactic novae by several arcseconds using high-cadence data from ZTF and AAVSO.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of wide-field imaging for gravitational-wave follow-up in identifying faint novae.

Abstract

We present archival photometry from the Gravitational-wave Optical Transient Observer (GOTO) for four Galactic novae discovered between 2017 and 2024, spanning some of the faintest ZTF24aaomlxy and PGIR22akgylf (at a marginal near-limit level consistent with the practical limiting magnitude of calibrated L to the brightest V1405 Cas and V1674 Her recent eruptions. For each object, we extract GOTO measurements obtained at or near the pre-eruption state, excluding data points with observational uncertainties exceeding 0.5 mag (except for the faintest PGIR22akgylf). The resulting light curves show that GOTO can detect nova progenitors close to its observable limiting depth at calibrated L magnitudes approaching the survey’s practical limiting magnitude, providing meaningful constraints on quiescent brightness, possibly for systems that were only sparsely monitored using surveys such as ZTF and PGIR. These detections demonstrate that wide-field imaging originally designed for gravitational-wave follow-up can yield meaningful limits on both faint and fast-evolving nova progenitors. Simultaneously, we improve the sky positions of five Galactic novae—ZTF24aaomlxy, V3732 Oph, V2000 Aql, V3666 Oph, and V659 Sct—whose published coordinates are affected by crowding or limited precision. Using high-cadence photometry from ZTF and AAVSO, we identify the actual eruption source in each field and obtain revised coordinates that differ by several arcseconds. These findings highlight the importance of time-domain archives for identifying faint nova progenitors and improving astrometric accuracy across the Galactic nova population.

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Cite This Study

Khamrat et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6996a818ecb39a600b3ee73bhttps://doi.org/10.3390/universe12020053
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