Abstract The conducted laboratory studies examined the impact of passive back-supporting exoskeletons on the efficiency of primary and secondary activities in manual order picking. Two different exoskeletons ( BackX and Paexo Back ) were tested. The results indicate that wearing an exoskeleton leads to a significant increase in task duration and noticeable efficiency losses. This effect was observed for primary activities, such as lifting and carrying, as well as secondary activities, such as walking and bending. Practical Relevance : The results provide valuable insights for companies considering the use of exoskeletons in logistics. While exoskeletons have the potential to reduce physical strain, the studies indicate that their use is also associated with efficiency losses. Therefore, companies should carefully evaluate their implementation and only use exoskeletons where the health benefits outweigh the reduced work speed. A differentiated strategy, such as selective deployment for highly strenuous activities and further development of exoskeletons to improve comfort and freedom of movement, could help mitigate these disadvantages.
Kreil et al. (2026) studied this question.