Adaptation and Validation of the Social Entrepreneurial Intention Scale among Indonesian University Students

Introduction Social entrepreneurship is of significant importance in the context of economic development and community empowerment. In order to increase the number of social entrepreneurs in Indonesia, it is necessary to develop Social Entrepreneurial Intentions (SEI) among students. For research on students' social entrepreneurial intention to be statistically valid, an appropriate instrument is necessary in the context of research in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to adapt an instrument that demonstrated robust psychometric properties for use within the Indonesian context. Methods This study used cross-cultural adaptation procedures following the guidelines established by Beaton. This approach includes forward translation and its synthesis, backward translation, expert committee review, and pretesting (pilot testing). This study evaluated validity with AERA's guidelines by combining three types of validity evidence: evidence based test-content (content validity), evidence based response processes, and evidence based internal structure. Evidence based internal structure was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), involving 432 participants. Results The findings indicate that cross-cultural adaptation achieved semantic, idiomatic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. The validity SEI instruments supported the theoritical construct, revealing a unidimensional structure with factor loading 0.53-0.74. These analysis demonstrated adequate fit (SRMR = 0.041; GFI = 0.996; CFI = 0.930; TLI = 0.903), met established criteria. Discussion The cross-cultural adaptation and validation process described in the findings was thorough and effective, ensuring that the instrument maintained its psychometric properties and was culturally appropriate. The CFA result support the validity of the adapted instrument, making it a reliable scale for cross-cultural research and practice. Conclusion Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that cross-cultural adaptation has been achieved by meeting all equivalences criteria, and validation confirmed three type of validity evidence, making it feasible to use in research on Indonesian students population.