Abstract This article essentially addresses the numerical frugality of model updating procedures using reduced order modelling. Nonlinear material behaviour is tackled in the article with the focus being on elasto(visco)-plasticity and elasto(visco)-plastic-damage. A proper generalised decomposition based formulation is introduced that separates the governing equations into sundered space and time problems, thereby providing low fidelity approximations. A proper orthogonal decomposition based model reduction method is also introduced to tackle variable Hooke’s tensor for softening material behaviour. The proposed methodologies are exemplified through several numerical tests in order to assess and validate performance.
Bhattacharyya et al. (2026) studied this question.