Early decline in serum estradiol levels may serve as a superior biomarker for predicting SA not associated with fetal chromosomal abnormalities. In contrast, serum β-hCG and progesterone concentrations exhibited limited predictive value in this context. These findings support consideration of serum estradiol monitoring to facilitate timely clinical intervention in pregnancies at increased risk for non-chromosomal miscarriage.
Shen et al. (2026) studied this question.