For the sampling of mediastinal and hilar lesions, supplementation of EBUS-TBNA by TBFB or TBCB should be primarily considered when suspecting a lymphoproliferative or an inflammatory etiology or when high-quality tissue is required for predictive immunohistochemistry, and molecular assays. For accurate diagnosis and classification of lymphomas, the combination of TBNA for flow cytometry with TBCB for histopathologic interpretation appears to be optimal.
Patel et al. (2026) studied this question.