Biobanks serve as vital repositories for biological specimens and associated clinical data, enabling large-scale research to advance medical knowledge. Saudi Arabia presents a unique setting for such research due to its rapidly growing, youthful, and genetically homogeneous population shaped by high rates of consanguinity. Concurrently, the country faces a swift lifestyle transition contributing to a high prevalence of chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions. The Saudi Biobank Center was established to leverage these unique demographic and genetic characteristics to support precision medicine and public health initiatives aligned with national development goals. It represents a landmark resource for biomedical research in the Middle East region, providing a large-scale, well-characterized cohort that addresses a critical gap in global biobanking diversity. Its comprehensive design, robust infrastructure, and strategic vision position it to make significant contributions to understanding the genetic, environmental, and lifestyle determinants of health and disease. Continued expansion and collaboration will enhance its impact on precision medicine and public health, both regionally and globally. In this article, we present a comprehensive description of the structure, design, and methodology of the Saudi Biobank project. In a companion article, we will report the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the inaugural Saudi Biobank cohort and outline the project’s strategic direction.
Badreldin et al. (2026) studied this question.