Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy often face major limitations including severe toxicity, non-specific targeting, and drug resistance. These drawbacks have emphasized the need for innovative and targeted treatment strategies in oncology. Immunotherapy has emerged as a breakthrough approach that utilizes the body?s immune system to identify and eliminate cancer cells, offering durable responses and improved patient survival. This review was conducted through an extensive analysis of recent research articles, clinical trial data, and FDA-approved reports published between 2016 and 2025. It provides a comprehensive overview of various immunotherapeutic modalities such as checkpoint inhibitors, CAR-T cell therapy, immune modulators, and combination approaches, while also addressing mechanisms of resistance that limit therapeutic success. Our review concludes that integrating immunotherapy with conventional cancer pharmacology offers enhanced efficacy, reduced toxicity, and paves the way for future personalized and combination-based treatment.
Surwade et al. (2026) studied this question.