In Nigeria, municipal infrastructure assets systems are crucial for water supply but often face challenges in cost-effectiveness and management. The study employs a fixed effects model to analyse the performance indicators of municipal infrastructure assets across different regions over time. Panel analysis revealed significant variations in asset utilization rates (averaging around 75%) between urban and rural settings, with higher costs associated with older systems (standard error: ±10%). The fixed effects model effectively captures the heterogeneity in municipal infrastructure performance across regions. Integrating technology upgrades into maintenance plans can enhance asset longevity and cost-effectiveness. The maintenance outcome was modelled as Y₈ₓ=₀+₁X₈ₓ+uᵢ+₈ₓ, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.
Adebayo et al. (2002) studied this question.