Flexible Practice Theory (FPT): A Predictive Mid-Range Model of Adaptive Consumption

Flexible Practice Theory (FPT) is a mid-range sociological model that explains consumption behavior as an adaptive negotiation between internal dispositions and external constraints. The theory introduces a formal mathematical framework, P = ((H × V) + I) / Cs, in which practice (P) emerges from the interaction of habitus (H), values (V), identity needs (I), and contextual stress (Cs). Building on classical practice theory—particularly the work of Pierre Bourdieu—FPT addresses limitations in explaining rapid behavioral variability in contemporary youth consumption. The model specifies three behavioral modes (Survival Mode, Show-off Mode, and Loyal Mode) that describe systematic shifts in decision-making under varying levels of contextual stress and identity pressure. The theory is conceptually illustrated through Malaysian youth food consumption in Kuala Lumpur, where high environmental concern coexists with high plastic and delivery usage. FPT reframes the “attitude–behavior gap” as a predictable outcome of structural constraints rather than moral inconsistency. This working paper presents the theoretical foundations, mathematical formalization, operationalization strategy, and testable hypotheses of FPT. Empirical validation is proposed through mixed-methods research including survey analysis, structural equation modeling, and experimental manipulation. This version represents an independent theoretical working paper. Please cite using the assigned DOI.