Plasma-activated medium (PAM) is produced by exposing a liquid solution, consisting of hyaluronic acid gel and deionized water, to nitrogen plasma. Plasma exposure through fast pulsed discharge (FPD) generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in the liquid. The goal of this work is to figure out how many of these reactive species are in PAM. To test the levels of hydrogen peroxide, nitrite, and nitrate right after treatment and after 96 h of storage, a DC high voltage of about 15 kV was used for 5, 10, 15, and 20 min. The discharge promotes the formation of reactive nitrogen species, leading to moderate RONS levels. These species decay rapidly in water, but the gel remains much more stable due to limited diffusion and a stabilized matrix. Results indicate that fast-pulsed nitrogen discharge is effective and that hyaluronic acid gel efficiently retains plasma-generated reactive species over an extended period.
Mohammed et al. (2025) studied this question.