Introduction: Phytoestrogens are polyphenolic bioactive compounds found in various plants and plant-based foods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the diversity and pharmacological potential of phytoestrogens in relation to age-related disorders, as well as to assess their potential toxicity. Methods: A systematic review of studies published over the last two decades was conducted, utilizing databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The selection criteria focused on studies that explored the therapeutic effects of phytoestrogens. Results: Modern research has highlighted the significant therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens, particularly in sources like soy (Glycine max L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), red grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), hops (Humulus lupulus L.), flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), and black cohosh (Actaea racemosa L.). Soy isoflavones — genistein, equol, and daidzein — have been extensively studied through experimental and clinical trials, demonstrating their efficacy in managing aging-related health disorders. Similarly, resveratrol, a stilbene abundant in grapes and red wine, has well-documented phytoestrogenic properties. Discussion: The wide-ranging health benefits of phytoestrogens include alleviation of menopausal symptoms and reduction in the risks of metabolic disorders, osteoporosis, hormone-dependent cancers, cardiovascular and brain diseases, as well as skin aging. While phytoestrogens can be advantageous in estrogen-deficient states, they may pose risks when excess estrogen is unnecessary. Thus, their effects are influenced by individual physiological conditions, suggesting that targeted intake through supplements or medications, coupled with reduced dietary exposure, could optimize benefits. Conclusion: This review systematically examines the chemical diversity, pharmacological effects, and therapeutic properties of phytoestrogens and their herbal sources, based on studies published over the last two decades, using data from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus.
Shanaida et al. (2026) studied this question.