On the Legal Significance of Entries in State Registers of Control and Supervisory Activities

The subject of the research is a complex of social relations emerging in the process of legal regulation of the main state information systems used in supervisory activities. The study analyzes whether records in such systems have a constitutive effect, i.e., creating or altering legal relationships, or whether they are merely declarative, certifying existing legal facts. The provisions of two sectoral federal laws that require entries about supervisory activities and mandatory requirements are examined, and their impact on the implementation of the principles of legality and legal certainty is assessed. Thus, the subject encompasses both theoretical aspects (the typology of the legal significance of entries in registers) and practical aspects (the use of registers by supervisory authorities and controlled entities). The methodological basis consists of general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, and deduction, as well as specific sectoral methods: formal-legal, legal modeling, and comparative legal methods. Their application made it possible to identify and classify the effects of registry entries in the field of state control (supervision). The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first comprehensive analysis of the legal significance of entries in state information systems used in supervisory activities. It is substantiated that the entry of information into such registers possesses a qualitatively new constitutive effect: the entry not only certifies the relevant fact but also itself acts as a legal fact influencing the validity of legal relationships. In particular, it is shown that the presence of a mandatory requirement in the registry is a prerequisite for its application by supervisory authorities, and the digital registration of a supervisory activity is a necessary condition for its legality. A legal concept is proposed and doctrinally justified, recognizing evidence as inadmissible when established administrative procedures are violated. Furthermore, promising organizational and legal directions for improving the information provision of supervisory activities are suggested and justified, including, for example, the legislative consolidation of a presumption favoring the controlled entity in cases of discrepancies between the original regulatory legal act and the distorted registry entry about the mandatory requirement.