The advent of nanotechnology has revolutionised approaches to identifying and combating bacterial infections. This review highlights the latest applications of nanoparticles (NPs) for bacterial detection and treatment, with a focus on their translational potential in clinical settings. We discuss advanced nanotechnology-enabled biosensing platforms that offer ultra-sensitive, rapid and precise diagnostics capabilities crucial for addressing antibiotic-resistant pathogens. In addition to detection, various nanoparticles demonstrate multiple antibacterial mechanisms and function as targeted drug-delivery vehicles. The review also examines current clinical trials involving nanoparticle-based therapeutics, underscoring their promise for overcoming antimicrobial resistance. • Nanoparticles enable rapid and sensitive detection of bacterial infections. • Multiple antibacterial mechanisms improve efficacy against resistant pathogens. • Translational challenges must be addressed for successful clinical application.
Rajana et al. (2026) studied this question.