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February 28, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Causal Imagination Without Language Generation: Forward Simulation Through Graph Traversal

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SPSai Tilak Pally

Key Points

  • To explore how a developmental knowledge graph agent can achieve causal reasoning without a language model.
  • Conducted experiments across 10 benchmark scenarios
  • Utilized a developmental knowledge graph for causal reasoning
  • Employed graph traversal techniques for reasoning tasks
  • Agent matched Gemini 2.0 Flash in accuracy across all scenarios
  • Performed at a speed 13,031 times faster than traditional methods
  • Demonstrated forward, abductive, and bidirectional causal reasoning effectively

Abstract

Large language models produce text that resembles causal reasoning, but this output is generated through next-token prediction — not genuine forward simulation. We present an experiment demonstrating that causal imagination can be achieved through graph traversal in a developmental knowledge graph agent, with zero language model involvement. Across 10 benchmark scenarios, the agent matched Gemini 2.0 Flash in accuracy (10/10) while operating 13,031x faster at zero marginal cost. The agent demonstrates forward, abductive, and bidirectional causal reasoning, plus offline discovery — all through pure graph traversal with complete traceability. Paper 2 in the Decoupling Experiment Series.

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Cite This Study

Sai Tilak Pally (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a287240a974eb0d3c028d9https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18779870
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