The effectiveness of a literacy-sensitive educational program on glycemic control and clinical outcomes for illiterate individuals with diabetes: A quasi-experimental study

BACKGROUND: Conventional educational methodologies that predominantly rely on written material are ineffective for illiterate individuals. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a tailored literacy-sensitive education program supplemented with telephonic follow-up for illiterate individuals with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A repeated-measures design was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of a diabetes education program tailored for illiterate individuals with diabetes. Participants were recruited from two healthcare facilities in the Al Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. The participants were 56 in number, of whom 41 completed the education program. The program utilized verbal instructions, visual aids, and interactive learning methodologies to convey essential information about diabetes management. Biweekly telephonic follow-up calls were made to reinforce key concepts, provide support, and monitor progress. Data were collected at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months, encompassing sociodemographic information, HbA1c, weight, BP, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. RESULTS: The results of the study demonstrated significant improvements in the participants’ glycemic control, with HbA1c levels decreasing from 8.36% at baseline to 7.59% at 9 months ( P < 0.001). The total cholesterol and LDL levels also significantly decreased from baseline to 6 and 9 months ( P < 0.001). Systolic and diastolic BP significantly decreased from baseline to 6 and 9 months ( P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: Educational interventions tailored for illiterate individuals with diabetes can significantly improve diabetes self-management and outcomes. Healthcare providers and policymakers should consider incorporating similar educational and follow-up interventions into standard care protocols for this vulnerable population.