Development and Validation of a Transient Electro-Thermo- Mechanical Model for Parabolic Dish Micro Gas Turbines

Small-scale concentrated solar power (CSP) systems coupled with micro gas turbines (MGTs) offer a promising solution for decentralised and sustainable power generation. However, CSP–MGT systems are subject to pronounced transient behaviour during start-up and operation due to fluctuating solar irradiance, making accurate transient modelling essential. This work introduces a fully coupled transient electro-thermo-mechanical model of a CSP-driven micro gas turbine, explicitly linking thermal transients and heat soakage effects to electrical performance during start-up. Unlike existing models, the proposed approach captures the interaction between turbomachinery thermal inertia, shaft dynamics, and detailed electrical machine and power converter losses under real-world transient operating conditions. The model integrates thermodynamic, mechanical, electrical, and control subsystems within a unified framework using a lumped-volume formulation suitable for real-time-capable simulations. To improve prediction accuracy at low rotational speeds, a dedicated interpolation strategy for turbomachinery performance maps is implemented. The model is validated at both component and system levels using experimental data from a 6 kWe CSP–MGT test facility. The results show good agreement with measurements, with maximum deviations of approximately 8% in receiver outlet temperature and less than 6% in air mass flow rate. The findings demonstrate that accounting for heat soakage is critical for a realistic prediction of thermal and electrical transients, as neglecting thermal inertia leads to an underestimation of the start-up electrical energy consumption by up to 140%, highlighting the dominant role of thermal mass effects in small-scale micro gas turbines compared to larger systems. The proposed model provides a robust tool for analysing start-up behaviour and supports improved control and operational strategy development for CSP–MGT systems under variable solar conditions.