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March 2, 2026Frontiers in Psychiatry0 citationsOpen Access

Pregnancy-related anxiety in Saudi women: a national study of prevalence, predictors, and a framework for action

EMElhadi MiskeenDADalia Hamed AlqarniNANouf Alshammari

Key Points

  • This study aims to estimate the prevalence and identify the predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety among Saudi women.
  • Conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study among 687 Saudi women with pregnancy experience.
  • Utilized the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire – Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) to assess anxiety levels.
  • Applied multivariable logistic regression to evaluate predictors while adjusting for age, education, and occupation.
  • The prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was found to be 71%.
  • Older maternal age and history of pregnancy complications were significant predictors.
  • Strong concerns about delivery, labor pain, and baby's health were also strongly associated with anxiety.
  • Anxiety levels decreased as pregnancy progressed, especially in regards to delivery and pain concerns.

Abstract

Introduction Pregnancy-related anxiety is a significant maternal health concern associated with adverse outcomes for both mother and child. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify the predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety among women in Saudi Arabia, to inform evidence-based healthcare interventions. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted among 687 Saudi women with pregnancy experience. The data were collected through an online survey using the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire – Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2), a validated 10-item scale designed to measure specific anxieties related to pregnancy, childbirth, and fetal health. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of pregnancy-related anxiety, adjusting for age, education, and occupation. Results The prevalence of pregnancy-related anxiety was 71%. Significant predictors included older maternal age (40–50 years: OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.01–1.72, p = 0.04), history of pregnancy complications (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.18–1.78, p 0.001), and prior dilatation and curettage (OR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.05–1.61, p = 0.02). Strong fears about delivery (OR = 2.10), labor pain (OR = 1.92), and the baby’s health (OR = 1.85) were strongly associated with anxiety (all p 0.001). Anxiety decreased as pregnancy progressed, with significant reductions in concerns about delivery, pain, and appearance across trimesters (p 0.05). Conclusions Pregnancy-related anxiety is highly prevalent among Saudi women and influenced by demographic, obstetric, and psychological factors. These findings support the integration of routine anxiety screening, targeted prenatal education addressing specific fears, and enhanced support for high-risk groups into Saudi Arabia’s maternal healthcare system to improve pregnancy outcomes and maternal well-being.

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Cite This Study

Miskeen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a528b3f1e85e5c73bf02f2https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2026.1716720
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