Green infrastructure (GI) is a sustainable approach to urban and environmental planning that integrates natural systems with engineered solutions to address contemporary ecological and societal challenges. As rapid urbanization continues to strain natural resources, GI provides a framework for mitigating climate change, enhancing biodiversity, and improving public well-being. This study explores the principles, benefits, and applications of GI, emphasizing its role in stormwater management, air quality improvement, and urban cooling. Through the integration of green roofs, permeable pavements, urban forests, and wetlands, GI offers cost- effective solutions that promote resilience and sustainability. The research highlights the economic, environmental, and social advantages of GI, including reduced infrastructure costs, enhanced property values, and improved community health. Additionally, the study discusses policy frameworks and best practices essential for successful GI implementation. Case studies from various regions demonstrate how cities have leveraged GI to address flooding, heat island effects, and biodiversity loss. Despite its numerous benefits, GI adoption faces challenges such as funding constraints, policy fragmentation, and maintenance concerns. This paper argues that overcoming these barriers requires interdisciplinary collaboration, public awareness, and strong governance. By integrating GI into urban planning, policymakers and stakeholders can create more livable, resilient, and sustainable communities. The findings underscore the necessity of prioritizing GI in future urban development strategies to balance economic growth with ecological preservation.
K. Rangarajan (2025) studied this question.