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March 2, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The Universal Spectral Gap

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LELivolsi Edoardo

Key Points

  • The study aims to establish the existence of a universal spectral gap in the quartic variational framework under SU(2) symmetry.
  • Analysis of the quartic variational framework with internal SU(2) symmetry.
  • Examination of the Hessian at the global minimum.
  • Evaluation of the eigenvalues in the context of finite-dimensional spaces.
  • A universal and strictly positive spectral gap is identified at the stationary configuration.
  • The first nonzero eigenvalue, Δ_min, is unique and independent of stabilizing parameters.
  • The frequency of the torsional mode scales as ω_tor = 3 α^(3/2).

Abstract

This work shows that the quartic variational framework with internal SU (2) symmetry necessarily produces a universal and strictly positive spectral gap at its stationary configuration. The Hessian at the global minimum has a fixed two-dimensional kernel determined by symmetry, while all other admissible directions form a finite-dimensional space, ensuring a fully discrete and isolated spectrum. The first nonzero eigenvalue, defined as Δₘin, is simple, unique, and independent of all stabilizing parameters of the functional. The torsional mode is the only admissible direction not removed by normalization and core constraints. Its frequency derives from the balance between the global quartic interaction and the internal Γ-trace term, leading to the universal scaling ωₜor = 3 α^ (3/2). No external potentials, geometric assumptions, or model-dependent inputs are required. The constant Δₘin therefore emerges as a genuine invariant of the theory: parameter-free, coordinate-independent, and unavoidable within the quartic variational structure.

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Cite This Study

Livolsi Edoardo (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a52e04f1e85e5c73bf15c9https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18815909
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