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March 3, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Some Observations on the Structure of the Sequence e, eᵉ, e^eᵉ. . .

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GFGerman Mikhailovich Ferdinand

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the combinations of transcendental and algebraic terms in a specific sequence defined by exponentiation with base e.
  • Analyzed the sequence defined as a_n = e raised to previous terms.
  • Utilized the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem to examine algebraic and transcendental classifications.
  • Investigated deterministic scenarios of combinations to derive structural properties.
  • Established that no two consecutive terms in the sequence can both be algebraic.
  • Proved that all odd-indexed terms are transcendental under specific combinations.
  • Provided a logical-combinatorial framework for examining transcendental and algebraic term arrangements.

Abstract

Consider the sequence: a₁ = e, \ a₂ = eᵉ, \ a₃ = e^eᵉ, \ a₄ = e^e^{eᵉ}, \ It is well known that a₁ = e is transcendental (Hermite, 1873). The nature of the remaining terms is unknown, although Schanuel's conjecture implies their transcendence. In this paper we do not attempt to prove transcendence; instead, we investigate the logically possible combinations of transcendental (T) and algebraic (A) terms, relying on the Lindemann–Weierstrass theorem. We show that no two consecutive terms can both be algebraic. From this simple restriction, we analyze deterministic scenarios (T→A and T→T) and prove that in these cases all odd-indexed terms are transcendental. The approach offers a combinatorial-logical framework for analyzing the sequence.

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Cite This Study

German Mikhailovich Ferdinand (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a67ed1f353c071a6f0a540https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18824345
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