The prevalence of smartphone, nicotine, and alcohol addiction among university students with temporomandibular disorders

Key Points

• Smartphone addiction was identified in 58% of students with temporomandibular disorders, indicating a major concern.
• Nicotine addiction affected 32% of students, highlighting its potential connection to stress and pain.
• Study participants reported significant alcohol consumption, potentially linked to coping mechanisms with pain.
• Elevated addiction rates among students call for targeted interventions to address mental health and pain management.