Cascade hydropower retrofitting for pumped storage in high-penetration renewable energy systems: Techno-economic perspectives

Key Points

• Pumped storage enhances grid stability in renewable energy systems, promoting efficient energy use.
• The analysis indicates a potential cost-effective solution by retrofitting existing hydropower sites, improving sustainability.
• Assessment of techno-economic viability focuses on integrating high-penetration renewable energy sources with existing infrastructure.
• Implications for energy policy highlight the necessity of investing in retrofitting to support future energy demands.