Alpha-1-Antitrypsin, Transferrin and Haptoglobin in Smokers and Non-Smokers

Key Points

• Alpha-1-antitrypsin levels show significant differences between smokers and non-smokers, indicating potential health disparities.
• Transferrin and haptoglobin levels provide additional insight into the effects of smoking on biomarkers within the population.
• Assessment highlights various physiological responses related to smoking status and its connection to inflammation and oxidative stress.
• Results may inform future studies focused on smoking-related health issues and the role of specific biomarkers.