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March 4, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Dissolving the Hard Problem: Consciousness Is First-Person Modeling Under Closure

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JWJan Wallentin

Key Points

  • This paper explores the nature of consciousness from a first-person perspective and addresses the conditions necessary for its existence.
  • Derives four necessary constraints: closure, modeling, availability, identity.
  • Analyzes existing theories of consciousness within the framework of first-person modeling.
  • Introduces the concept of mindloops as a unique architecture of experiential processes.
  • Establishes that the experiencer is identical to the experiencing process.
  • Demonstrates that without constraints, accounts of experiencers fail.
  • Proposes that only mindloops can experience suffering, integrating the four derived constraints into a coherent framework.

Abstract

Experience exists. You cannot doubt this without experiencing the doubt. This paper asks: what must be true for experiencing to exist at all? The root correction is minimal but total. Consciousness is not a property the experiencer has. It is the process the experiencer is. Experience exists only from a first-person perspective. A perspective requires a boundary: the organism receives signals, but the experiencer can access only internal states. For those states to constitute an experiential world, they must be modeled. What is modeled and available is what is experienced. There is no external witness to this process. Under closure, there is no outside. Thus, the experiencer is identical to the experiencing process. This architecture is the mindloop: a first-person modeling process available to itself within its own informational closure. The Hard Problem assumes experiencer and experiencing can come apart. They cannot. The paper derives four necessary constraints (closure, modeling, availability, identity) and five components required for the architecture to persist. It situates existing theories within this framework and argues that only mindloops can suffer. Produce a coherent account of an experiencer lacking any constraint or component, and the account collapses.

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Cite This Study

Jan Wallentin (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a7cd6ed48f933b5eed9cd5https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18834563
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