Abstract The Molecular and Cellular Cognition Society (MCCS) Meeting (NYU Abu Dhabi, February 17-18th, 2025) brought together leading experts in neuroscience to present breakthroughs addressing the molecular and neuronal mechanisms underlying cognition, emotion, and behavior. This review is inspired by the meeting, which emphasized emerging molecular and cellular mechanisms including epigenetic regulation of memory, dynamic engram synapse formation, synaptic epitranscriptomics, metaplasticity, and metabolomic-neuroimmune interactions. Learning and cognition have increasingly become focal points within broader advances in neuroimaging innovations, high-throughput molecular diagnostics, and computational modeling geared toward precision neurodiagnostics and personalized neurocognitive therapeutics. The meeting also scrutinized how stress, circadian rhythm disruption, and neuroinflammation converge to shape cognitive resilience and dictate dysregulated attention and learning mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction. Such conditions span neurodevelopmental, neuropsychiatric, and neurodegenerative disorders. Collectively, the studies highlighted how experience-dependent synaptic and circuit-level changes influence cognition, sensory integration, and motor output. Further discussions addressed the translational implications of these findings, including their potential to advance neurotechnologies such as targeted neuromodulation, pharmacogenomic interventions, and AI-based biomarker discovery. Drawing on the scientific discussions at the MCCS-NYUAD meeting, we synthesize a research roadmap for the future of precision neurocognitive medicine by integrating molecular cognition with clinical neuroscience. Future research priorities include bridging gaps in molecular biomarkers of neurocognitive aging and leveraging AI-driven neurodiagnostics and large-scale biological data analytics. Overall, the meeting laid the groundwork for a shift in neuroscience toward linking mechanistic understanding with clinical relevance to enhance cognitive health and develop targeted neurotherapeutic approaches.
Nami et al. (2026) studied this question.