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March 5, 2026Journal of Applied Physics0 citationsOpen Access

Derivation of bandwidth and filter characteristics of various types of optically pumped magnetometers

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TSThomas SchönauTSTheo ScholtesRSRonny Stolz

Key Points

  • This research aims to provide a clear framework for analyzing the frequency response of optically pumped magnetometers.
  • Utilized Bloch equations to model frequency response.
  • Analyzed different types of optically pumped magnetometers including Mx, Mz, Bell–Bloom, and RF.
  • Considered both modulated and unmodulated zero-field OPMs.
  • Identified significant deviations in frequency response from first-order filter behavior.
  • Demonstrated that the operational regimes affect the performance of different magnetometer types.
  • Established a unified analytical framework for better understanding these devices.

Abstract

We present a unified and easy-to-follow analytical framework based on the Bloch equations for deriving the small-signal frequency response of several common types of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs). These include the Mx, light-shift dispersed Mz, Bell–Bloom, and RF (radio-frequency) types, as well as the class of unmodulated zero-field OPMs. It is shown that, depending on the operating regime, the frequency response of some of these magnetometers deviates significantly from the commonly assumed first-order filter behavior.

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Cite This Study

Schönau et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a91e1fd6127c7a504c1cf7https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0311659
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