Challenges of monitoring losses in the water distribution network through two measurement and control districts in the metropolitan region of Aracaju, Sergipe (Northeast Brazil)

Real losses in water distribution are inevitable; however, efficient network management can lead to acceptable minimum loss values. Leaks, on the other hand, indicate a lack of pipeline maintenance, inadequate installations, and large variations in pressure and flow within the network. Therefore, this study aims to compare data from Measurement and Control Districts (MCD’s) 32 and 33, which are part of the water distribution network of the Aracaju Metropolitan Region (State of Sergipe), with regional and national data, in order to identify improvements in reducing loss rates. Data available in reports on water loss quantities from the Sergipe Sanitation Company (DESO) were used, examining seven parameters from 2017 to 2022, with the goal of identifying significant trends and correlations. The correlation matrix for Measurement and Control District (MCD) 32 showed a high level of agreement (66.66%) as well as a strong correlation between the parameters studied. The correlation matrix for MCD 33 showed low agreement (42.85%). The loss index values in the MCD’s (31.82% and 40.82%) presented an unsatisfactory average variation during the period, compared to 37.78% (Brazil), 46.67% (Northeast), and 57.60% (Sergipe) in 2022, which are lower, but not ideal. The studied MCD’s reflect how distribution management operates, and the parameters considered can estimate operational losses in water distribution networks as well as guide the actions of sanitation companies.