In response to global environmental challenges and the growing demand for energy-efficient solutions in the construction sector, the search for environmentally safe structural systems with a minimal carbon footprint had become increasingly relevant. This study aimed to develop and analyse an external wall enclosure system made of ecological materials, considering its thermal and hygrothermal performance, as well as assessing its environmental impact in terms of carbon footprint. The research results demonstrated that the proposed structure, based on a cross-laminated timber panel with insulation made from grass mats, had a thermal resistance of 4.9 m2 ·K/W, complying with current building code requirements. The hygrothermal analysis confirmed the internal stability of the wall assembly and the absence of condensation in the coldest month of the year – January (for city Dnipro). The calculated carbon footprint amounted to -23.6 kgCO₂-eq/m2 , indicating the carbon-negative nature of the system due to the use of bio-based materials capable of sequestering carbon throughout their life cycle. Additionally, the obtained indicators were compared with those of the most common building envelope design solutions, confirming the advantages of the proposed structure. Furthermore, a pilot architectural concept of a rehabilitation centre was developed, demonstrating the practical application of sustainable construction strategies based on the offered solution. The practical significance of this study lies in the potential integration of the developed wall design into the construction of modern buildings with enhanced energy efficiency and environmental performance. This aligns with the principles of sustainable development and contributes to reducing the climate impact of the building sector
Bevz et al. (2025) studied this question.