The world order is undergoing significant changes, while the Russian invasion marks the end of the post-Cold War era and the resurgence of geopolitics. In parallel, the European Union (EU) is facing challenges in establishing its autonomy and addressing security risks. The conflict in Ukraine has disrupted the equilibrium of the international order and highlighted (also) the importance of energy security. The EU’s dependence on Russian energy has been a vulnerability, leading to efforts to diversify energy sources and promote green transition. However, this transition also presents challenges such as the need for strategic autonomy and energy efficiency. The EU must navigate these complexities and strengthen its energy security while building new alliances and addressing geopolitical shifts.
Péter Rada (2026) studied this question.