Carbon Paste Electrode Developed From Recycled Manganese Oxide From Batteries and Its Application in the Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol

ABSTRACT The reuse of used battery components promotes a circular economy and reduces the need to extract compounds from nature and the costs associated with designing new materials. This work reports the use of recycled compounds from batteries with great potential for application in the development of modified electrodes. In this case, manganese oxide was recycled from a D‐type battery, and with this material, a simple and economical working electrode with electrooxidative activity was manufactured for the detection of paracetamol. With this modified electrode, a detection limit of 0.06 µmol/L was obtained, with great selectivity over other substances present in real samples containing paracetamol. The characteristics of the electrode, such as its surface and electrochemical activity, were analyzed via SEM, EDS, x‐ray diffraction, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and square wave voltammetry. Also, that recycled battery material was used without the need for cleaning or purification, which makes it easy to handle.