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March 10, 2026Earth s Future0 citationsOpen Access

Breaking the Temporal Resolution Barrier: Projected Performance of Hybrid Gravity Satellite Ensemble by the Early 2030s

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ZYZhengwen YanJRJiangjun RanJCJie Chen

Key Points

  • This research aims to improve the temporal resolution of gravity measurements from satellite missions.
  • Developed the Hybrid‐Augmented Resolution Dealiasing algorithm (HARD) for improved gravity measurement.
  • Utilized a sliding window technique to co-estimate spherical harmonic coefficients.
  • Conducted closed‐loop simulations based on predefined noise levels for various satellites.
  • HARD algorithm reduced temporal aliasing errors by 18.4%–30.7%.
  • HGSE produced daily gravity field solutions with a maximum degree of 60, reducing noise by 76.2% in long-term trends.
  • Significant improvements include 39.4% better terrestrial water storage signal recovery and 69.4% superior co-seismic signal recovery for earthquakes.

Abstract

Abstract Limitations in the temporal resolution of contemporary gravity satellite missions hinder the precise monitoring of rapid Earth surface mass changes. By the early 2030s, unprecedented high‐temporal monitoring of Earth's dynamic mass redistribution will be available using the temporal gravity field derived from the Hybrid Gravity Satellite Ensemble (referred to as the “HGSE” in this study), which contains GRACE‐FO, ChiGaM, TIANQIN‐2, GRACE‐C, and NGGM. This paper proposes a Hybrid‐Augmented Resolution Dealiasing (HARD) algorithm that utilizes a sliding window technique to co‐estimate 3‐day low‐degree and daily high‐degree spherical harmonic coefficients. The HARD algorithm reduces temporal aliasing errors by 18.4%–30.7% compared to conventional processing strategies. Based on predefined noise levels for each satellite, closed‐loop simulations demonstrate that the HGSE yields daily gravity field solutions (with a maximum degree and order of 60) that can effectively reduce noise by approximately 76.2% in long‐term trends and 39.3% in annual amplitudes compared to classical monthly solutions. Applications in terrestrial water storage (TWS) change, glacier mass change, and co‐seismic deformation reveal significant improvements: 39.4% enhanced TWS signal recovery in large river basins, 21.2% higher accuracy in monitoring Tibetan Plateau glacier mass variation, and 69.4% superior co‐seismic signal recovery for megathrust earthquakes. These findings underscore the potential of HGSE to advance high‐frequency gravity field monitoring, offering critical references for the performance analysis of future gravity satellite missions monitoring the Earth's dynamic system processes on a daily scale.

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Cite This Study

Yan et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69af959570916d39fea4d58ahttps://doi.org/10.1029/2025ef006825
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