The progressive modernization of cassava breeding programs at International Institute of Tropical Agriculture and future prospects

Abstract Modernizing cassava breeding programs (CBPs) is critical to increase genetic gain, close the yield gap, and ensure food availability, accessibility, and affordability to support livelihood transformation and economic development in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). The CBP at the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, a pioneer in cassava ( Manihot esculenta Crantz) improvement in SSA, has undergone modernization. We reflect on the progress made over the past years to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the program. Breeding strategies and methods that have been employed or explored, which could contribute to the timely development of demand‐led, improved varieties, are reviewed. Emerging tools and advanced technologies aimed at accelerating product development are highlighted. In addition, we evaluate the program's delivery and impact over the years, as well as the challenges encountered. Progress in mechanization of farm operations and prospects are highlighted. We consider other key drivers that have contributed to the observed transformation of the breeding program. We acknowledge the key role of tools integration, appropriate human resource capacity, committed transdisciplinary teams, collaboration, and partnerships. Continuous refinement of breeding methodologies, optimization of key components of the breeder's equation, adoption of a culture of continuous improvement, and sustained funding are essential to transform CBPs in SSA and to expediting the development of customer‐tailored varieties.