The Indian Himalayan Region is an important ecological location, but it is now suffering from serious air pollution due to activities like vehicular emissions, industrial activities, biomass burning, and regional atmospheric circulation, which have led to increased air pollution and threatened ecosystems, human health, and the climate. This paper employs qualitative document analysis through reviews of the national climate policies, institutional frameworks, state documents, and technology-based solutions. It concludes that despite comprehensive national policies, many gaps exist between the policy design and ground-level implementation. Our findings reveal three critical governance gaps: (i) altitude-specific regulatory failures in vehicular emission standards, (ii) Institutional fragmentation limiting enforcement capacity, particularly for diffuse sources, (iii) economic barriers preventing sustained adoption of clean fuels despite subsidy programs. According to this research, we propose a three-pillar framework integrating (i) investment in sustainable technology and green infrastructure, (ii) strengthening institutions and policies, and (iii) fostering behavioral change and public awareness. The study contributes to the limited literature on region-specific air quality governance and offers a strategic framework to support climate resilience in the Himalayas.
Gupta et al. (2026) studied this question.