In this study, we report a sensitive and reliable immunospot assay for the visible quantitative detection of HBV infection. This assay demonstrates excellent performance in evaluating the inhibitory effect of antiviral drugs, neutralizing antibodies, and plasma samples from vaccinated individuals. Given its robustness and versatility, the proposed method is anticipated to be an excellent alternative assay for HBV-related research, including therapeutic development and vaccine evaluation.
Yan et al. (2026) studied this question.