The public ledger characteristic of blockchain grants data immutability but simultaneously introduces privacy leakage risks, making association analysis between on-chain behaviors and real-world identities possible. Existing privacy protection schemes struggle to balance the anonymity of the querier with the traceability of malicious behaviors. On one hand, legitimate inquiry behaviors are easily reverse-tracked by third parties through on-chain records (i.e., "human flesh search" targeting the querier); on the other hand, a completely anonymous environment may lead to data abuse without the possibility of accountability.To address this issue, this paper proposes an anti-"human flesh search" privacy protection system based on blockchain and zero-knowledge proofs. Addressing the aforementioned contradictions, this paper presents a blockchain data sharing scheme that balances privacy and regulation. The scheme utilizes IPFS to implement graded encrypted storage for large files. The core innovation lies in combining the Schnorr protocol and Chameleon Hash to construct a Blockchain Designated Verifier Proof (BDVP). While verifying user query permissions through blockchain smart contracts, the system utilizes the trapdoor property of the Chameleon Hash to achieve the non-transferability of proofs, preventing third parties from reverse-tracking the querier's identity by analyzing on-chain records2. Furthermore, the system introduces a threshold private key held by regulatory agencies to ensure that, in the event of data abuse, malicious users can be de-anonymized and held accountable according to the law.
Luo Zihang (2025) studied this question.