The development of botanical nano-pesticides offers a promising pathways toward safer and more sustainable pest management. Nano/microemulsion formulations improve the solubility, stability, and adhesion of plant-derived pesticides, thereby enabling controlled release and enhanced bioactivity at lower doses. High-energy emulsification procedures such as high-pressure homogenization, micro-fluidization, and ultrasonication can be scaled for industrial productions. This review summarizes the environmental and health risks associated with persistent synthetic pesticides, highlights antimicrobial and antipest mechanisms of botanical compounds, and discusses advances in nanoemulsion delivery platforms that address volatility, degradation, and limited bioavailability. Recent patent filings and commercial efforts demonstrate growing technological interest but also reveal regulatory and scalability challenges. The review concludes with recommendations for integrating botanical nanoemulsions into sustainable pest management strategies and identifies key research priorities needed for field translation and policy adoption. • Botanical formulations inhibit bacteria and pests through membrane disruption, protein dysfunction, and neurophysiological interference. • Botanicals nano/micro-emulsion controlled pests safely and effectively. • Stable micro/nano-emulsions could be prepared via Low/High energy methods. • Ultrasonic/high-pressure homogenized green label nano-emulsion can scale up easily.
Majeed et al. (2026) studied this question.