It is highly desired to develop continuous and scalable fabrication strategies for fibrous supercapacitors (FSCs) with helically structured electrodes, and the comprehensive performance, including long-term stability and operational safety, of the obtained devices is simultaneously desired to be optimized. In this work, we develop a one-step rotating microfluidic spinning technique for continuously preparing the CMC@MXene/PEDOT:PSS/CMC fibrous supercapacitor (CMC@MPC FSC) with helical structured electrodes and integrated electrode-electrolyte interfaces, which ensures the excellent ion migration capability, long-term stability, and operational safety of the obtained FSC. Therefore, the CMC@MPC FSC presents high energy storage capabilities including high volumetric capacitance (6.21 F cm-3), high energy density (3.35 mWh cm-3), high power density (50.01 mW cm-3), high rate capability (83.90% capacitance retention at 50 mA cm-3), and excellent electrochemical durability and stability, endowing it with great potential for wearable energy storage application, especially in the energy harvesting systems where high charge-discharge speed and frequency are required. This work presents a scalable, one-step approach for fabricating high-performance, all-in-one FSCs and lays the foundation for the next generation of flexible, integrated energy storage systems in smart textile technologies.
Liang et al. (2026) studied this question.