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March 17, 20260 citationsOpen Access

A Two-Dimensional Gravitational-Wave Discriminant for Curvature-Controlled Extra-Dimensional Gravity: Echo Delay and Radion-Induced Frequency Sidebands as a Falsifiable Signature of the CCEGA Framework

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MSMarc López Sánchez

Key Points

  • This research aims to establish a two-dimensional discriminant as a testable prediction of the CCEGA framework.
  • Developed a gravitational-wave discriminant encompassing echo delay and frequency sidebands.
  • Analyzed binary-black-hole events to identify echo delay of approximately 14 ms.
  • Assessed radion-induced frequency sidebands and their correlation with echo delay.
  • Identified a specific echo delay and frequency separation unique to CCEGA.
  • Highlighted that competing models do not reproduce both features or their correlation.
  • Showed that the combined signature can be detected with future observations by the Einstein Telescope.

Abstract

We identify a two-dimensional gravitational-wave (GW) discriminant that constitutes the primary falsifiable prediction of the Curvature-Controlled Extra-Dimensional Gravity and Emergent Unification (CCEGA) framework. The discriminant consists of (i) a post-merger echo delay τₑcho ≈ 14 ms for 30 M☉ binary-black-hole events, set by the geometry of the CCEGA warp factor W (ρ) ; and (ii) radion-induced frequency sidebands separated from the main echo by Δfᵣad ∈ 24, 2400 Hz for a radion mass m_φ ∈ 10⁻¹³, 10⁻¹¹ eV. We show that the simultaneous presence of both features, together with the functional correlation between τₑcho and Δfᵣad imposed by CCEGA geometry, is not reproduced generically by competing models: classical exotic compact objects (ECOs) predict echoes without sidebands, while extra-dimensional models lacking a dynamical modulus predict neither sidebands nor the specific (τₑcho, Δfᵣad) correlation derived here. The combined signature lies within the projected sensitivity of the Einstein Telescope (~2035), providing a decisive observational test of the framework.

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Cite This Study

Marc López Sánchez (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b8f12fdeb47d591b8c60eehttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19039318
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