Exploring the Essence of Cow Ghee: A Review on Its Type, Isolation of Constituents and Cosmetic and Medicinal Uses

Cow ghee, an ancient Indian staple food ingredient is a clarified lipid for its dietary, therapeutic, and cosmetic value. It's composed of ~99.5%lipids, including beneficial short-chain fatty acids like butyric acid and long chain fatty acids like conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), known for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Ghee is also a vital source of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K. Traditional methods, like the Bilona process, yield ghee with superior quality and nutrient retention compared to industrial methods. Its complex lipid architecture includes triglycerides and an unsaponifiable fraction (with cholesterol, lutein, squalene) that benefits skin health. Medicinally, ghee enhances digestion, supports cardiovascular and neurological health, and acts as a carrier (Yogavahi) for Ayurvedic drugs. Its emollient and anti-aging properties also make it valuable in cosmetic formulations. This review confirms cow ghee's role as a holistic, multifunctional bioactive substance.