The Nile Basin spans across multiple countries in East Africa, including Namibia. Water scarcity is a critical issue affecting communities and exacerbates conflicts over water resources. The research employed participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions with key informants from various sectors including farmers, herders, and government officials. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. A significant proportion (60%) of respondents reported water scarcity affecting agricultural yields, leading to food insecurity in their communities. Farmers predominantly use traditional methods like rainwater harvesting without irrigation infrastructure due to cost constraints. Local stakeholders advocate for government intervention in the form of financial support and policy changes aimed at improving access to modern water management technologies and enhancing community resilience to climate-induced challenges. Government policies should prioritise funding for sustainable water resource development projects, particularly those that promote integrated watershed management approaches. Community-based initiatives are also encouraged to foster collective action towards water conservation efforts.
Maloba et al. (2014) studied this question.