Abstract: Environmental toxins possess significant risks to human health, and the kidneys are particularly vulnerable to toxic insults. This review examines the effect of various environmental pollutants on the functioning of nephrons, highlighting the underlying mechanisms of toxicity, supporting epidemiological evidence, and potential mitigation strategies. Understanding these relationships is essential to developing effective public health strategies to limit the effects of toxicants on the kidneys. Chronic kidney disease is a major global health-related problem with significant comorbidities and remains a leading cause of death worldwide. It is the main contributor to death in economically developing nations. Chronic kidney disease has been connected to environmental contaminants such as heavy metals and industrial solvents. Numerous studies have been done on how environmental pollutants affect renal function. This review examines recent findings on the effects of various heavy metals and environmental pollutants on kidney health, with various facts and an overview of effective mitigation strategies. It also highlights the importance of early detection, regular screening, and predictive approaches for chronic kidney disease in developing countries.
Arya et al. (2026) studied this question.